This paper focuses on floor heave disasters in traffic tunnels under complex geological environments，investigating the current development of floor heave prevention and control technologies from multiple dimensions：deformation mechanisms，quantitative and predictive indicators，and disaster prevention systems.This paper established a literature database for tunnel floor heave prevention and control research from 2015 to 2025 using Cite Space，clarifying the main patterns and disaster characteristics of tunnel floor heave，as well as the current research status and existing deficiencies of tunnel floor heave prevention and control research.Tunnel floor heave occurs frequently in highway and railway tunnels，mainly induced by the coupling of high in -situ stress，structural defects of rock mass，and hydrogeological conditions.It can be classified into four typical failure modes：water swelling，compressive flow，flexural folding，and shear dislocation.In current research，numerical simulation is the core calculation method，while field monitoring and theoretical analysis are the core research methods；inverted arch treatment is the mainstream traditional measure for floor heave prevention and control in engineering practice.Traditional measures such as grouting and rock bolts/cables are suitable for general geological conditions，while special structures including U -shaped yieldable steel frames and bored cast -in-place piles can effectively address the deficiencies in floor heave prevention and control under complex geological conditions，significantly enhancing overall governance effects.Under complex geological conditions，existing floor heave prevention and control measures have limitations of “passive response and delayed adjustment ” and lack an intelligent prevention and control system featuring “real-time monitoring，active protection，and self -repair”.Therefore，in-depth research and development of an intelligent floor heave monitoring system，composed of intelligent monitoring subsystems，intelligent rock bolts，and embedded self -repairing structures，is necessary.Key future research priorities include standardization of tunnel construction quality，intellectualization of floor heave prediction and monitoring systems，and innovative theoretical research on floor heave patterns.