［Purposes ］ This paper aims to explore the location and route problem of subway express logistics considering the remaining capacity of the subway，providing a basis for the location and route decision -making of express logistics within the subway network during different passenger transport periods.［Methods］ To minimize subway transportation costs，line transfer costs，station renovation costs，and penalties for exceeding the remaining capacity，while considering constraints such as remaining capacity and node processing capabilities，a location and route model for subway express logistics under uncertain demand conditions was constructed based on the chance -constrained programming method.An improved adaptive genetic algorithm was designed，and simulation experiments were conducted.［Findings］ Changsha needs to reconstruct 14 subway interchange stations as transit nodes，and the transit node opening strategies and path schemes during off -peak，peak，and nighttime periods exhibit different characteristics，all of which help reduce costs.During off -peak hours，the operating cost of the subway is reduced by 50.17% compared to road transport.During peak hours，due to insufficient capacity on central corridors，transfer nodes are mainly located at peripheral subway stations，increasing path complexity.The operating cost is reduced by 42.29% compared to road transport.During nighttime，the route is the shortest，reducing the operating cost by 50.11% compared to road transport.Compared with the model without considering the remaining capacity，the proposed model reduces overload by 62% and 59% during off -peak and peak hours，respectively.［Conclusions ］ This study can provide feasible solutions for the location and route planning of subway express logistics during different passenger transportation periods within the subway network.