[Purposes] This paper aims to systematically review the research progress of natural polymer fluids. [Methods] Firstly, the composition, structure, synthesis methods, and application fields of the solvent-free nanofluids were summarized. Then, based on the principles of solvent-free nanofluids, the preparation of natural polymer fluids was proposed, and a detailed overview of synthesis methods, flow mechanisms, and potential application prospects for various natural polysaccharide polymer fluids was made. Future prospects for the processing and application of natural polymer fluids were discussed. [Findings] The research on natural polymer fluids offers solutions to the existing challenges faced by natural polysaccharide polymer materials, including difficulties in thermoplastic processing, poor dispersion, high-temperature instability, and insufficient multi-functionalization. This innovative approach presents novel opportunities for optimizing the processing techniques and expanding the application domains of natural polysaccharide polymer materials. [Conclusions] This paper summarizes the concept of solvent-free nanofluids, the preparation principle of their various inorganic fluids, and the advantages of their application fields and applies the preparation method of solvent-free fluids to the thermoplastic processing and application of natural polymer materials.