The transportation and energy sectors are fundamental and strategic industries in the world, determining the development and transformation of human society. As China’s goals of “Dual Carbon” progresses, transportation, energy, and other sectors are steadily transitioning to low-carbon and environmentally friendly industries. The integrated development of transportation and energy sectors has presented unprecedented opportunities for the transportation industry to comprehensively utilize new types of energy and for the energy sector to update its technology. At present, the use of energy-efficient and environmentally friendly transportation assets has gradually become a consensus to effectively reduce carbon emissions in the field of transportation. The current status of the integrated development of transportation and energy was summarized. The development of clean energy in the field of transportation, the construction of “source, network, load, and storage” in the transportation industry with energy storage, the development of new energy electric vehicles, the construction of transportation supporting facilities, as well as the progress of transportation equipment electrification and energy were introduced. Additionally, combined with the battery technology involved in the development of transportation system energy, the current hot power lithium battery technology and flow battery energy storage technology were introduced, mainly focusing on the technologies related to recycling of waste asphalt and other traffic solid waste materials as battery modification materials. The importance of technological innovation in the integrated development of transportation and energy was summarized, and the concepts of accelerating scientific and technological research and development, promoting the development of the industrial chain, making every effort to breakthrough the key bottlenecks of core technologies, and helping the integrated development of transportation and energy were put forward.