[Purposes] Explore the evaluation of subway station operation safety levels to better protect the life safety of passengers. [Methods] From the perspective of passenger flow, equipment, environment and management, establish a subway station operation safety evaluation system; Firstly, the structural equation model (SEM) is used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the evaluation system by means of questionnaire survey, so as to calculate the index weight. Then, a subway station operation safety evaluation model based on the combination of matter element theory and cloud model is constructed, and the evaluation level is determined according to the principle of maximum comprehensive correlation. [Findings] The evaluation level of the subway station is safety, which is consistent with the actual situation, and the influencing factors are ranked from large to small as passenger flow factors (general danger), environmental factors (safety), equipment factors (safety), and management factors (general danger). Among them, the correlation evaluation vector of the saturation rate of the index platform at the index layer is (0,0,0.000 42,0.116 40), which is in the danger level and is the key to improving the safety level of subway station operation. In addition, the correlation evaluation vector of the implementation of the safety system is (0,0,0.804 90,0.003 75)， which is in the general risk level and has a trend towards the risk level, which cannot be ignored. [Conclusions] The interaction between the energy indexes of the model can better determine the index weight, which is suitable for solving the complex problems with fuzziness and uncertainty.