[Purposes] The water quality of Datong Lake has been in Class three or below for a long time, and the main pollutants exceeding the standard are total nitrogen and total phosphorus. By estimating pollution loads of absorbed nitrogen and phosphorus in Datong Lake basin, it provides a scientific basis for water environment management and protection in Datong Lake area. [Methods] The study used the modified general soil erosion equation, coupled with the adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads model to estimate the adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution loads in the study area, focusing on analyzing the spatial distribution characteristics of adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the Datong Lake Basin. [Findings] The model calculation results showed that in 2020, the total soil erosion in Datong Lake Basin was 4804.8 t, the average soil erosion modulus was 5.20 t/(km2·a), the adsorption nitrogen and phosphorus loads were 4.943 t and 2.098 t, respectively. According to the adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution load modulus of each land use type in the basin, the order from large to small is: forest land, cultivated land, construction land. According to the administrative area, Maocaojie, Qingshuzui, Wuzui, Mingshandou and Heba Town adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollution were more serious; The load of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in the Wuqi Canal basin, the Suhe River basin, the Daxin River basin, the Datong Lake West into the lake area, and the Caoyang Canal area are larger. [Conclusions] The soil erosion intensity in the Datong Lake basin is mainly slight erosion, and cultivated land is the main source of adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus loss. For areas with large loss of adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus, it can be controlled according to the ideas of source reduction, process interception, and end-treatment. At the same time, the agricultural planting structure should be adjusted appropriately, the farming methods should be improved, and the soil and water conservation measures should be improved to reduce the soil loss and reduce the direct impact of adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants on the water bodies.