[Purposes] This work aims to explore the influence of asphalt and asphalt mixture aging on the road performance of pavement exposed. [Methods] The conventional indexes and rheological properties of SBS (I?D) polymer modified asphalt exposed to different thermal and oxygen aging environments, and the high temperature stability, low?temperature crack resistance, water stability and uniaxial compression dynamic modulus of AC?13C asphalt mixture prepared with SBS (I?D) polymer modified asphalt were studied. [Findings] With the increasing degree of thermal oxygen aging, the viscosity toughness and plastic deformation resistance of asphalt gradually decrease, while the brittleness gradually increases. With the increase of hot storage time, the softening point, 5 ℃ ductility and penetration of asphalt first increased and then decreased, and the 135 ℃ rotational viscosity gradually increased. With the deepening of thermal oxygen aging, the high?temperature rutting resistance of asphalt mixture gradually increases, the low temperature cracking resistance and water damage resistance gradually decreases, the dynamic modulus decreases with the increase of temperature, increases with the deepening of thermal oxygen aging and the increase of loading frequency. However, the dynamic modulus changes at 35 ℃ and 50 ℃. [Conclusions] With the deepening of thermal oxidation aging, the high?temperature performance of asphalt mixture improved, and the low temperature and water stability reduced. The research results have certain value in practical engineering applications.