[Purposes] The paper aims to further clarify the carbonation resistance of 3D printed aeolian sand concrete.[Methods] In this paper, 3D printed desert sand concrete was prepared, and the influence of sand?binder ratio on the carbonation depth of 3D printed concrete was studied. The anisotropy coefficient of carbonation was introduced to evaluate the effect of 3D printing process on the carbonation behaviors of concrete.The compressive and flexural properties of 3D printed concrete after carbonization were tested and analyzed, and the carbonization prediction model of 3D printed concrete was established based on the sand?binder ratio in x, y and z directions. [Findings] The carbonization depth increased with the increase of carbonization age and sand?binder ratio, and the carbonization depth and mechanical properties showed obvious anisotropy. After 28 days of carbonization, compared with the printing matrix, the carbonization depth between printing strips and layers increased by 24% and 10% respectively. [Conclusions] Carbonation reduced the anisotropy of compressive strength and flexural strength of 3D printed specimens to a certain extent.