[Purposes] The paper aims to solve the problems of complex formwork and difficult forming of twisted concrete columns. The construction method of twisted columns based on 3D printing concrete prefabricated formwork was explored, and the compression performance of twisted?column segments was studied. [Methods] The quality test of printing strip forming determined the printing parameters suitable for forming 3D printing prefabricated formwork. The 3D printing twisted surface formwork with interlayer twist angles of 0°, 2°, 4° and 6° was constructed and tested. The reinforced cage and cast?in?situ C50 concrete were filled in the formwork to prepare the twisted?column segments and the compression test of the member was carried out. [Findings] The continuous printing height of the twisted surface prefabricated formwork decreases with the increase of the single?layer twisted angle. The continuous printing height of the twisted surface formwork with an interlayer twist angle of 0° is 550 mm, 96% higher than the member built by an interlayer twist angle of 6°. The average ultimate bearing capacity of the?column segment with the twist angle of 2° is the lowest, 1 120.20 kN; The average ultimate bearing capacity of the twisted column with interlayer twist angle of 6° is the largest, which is 1 291.56 kN. The relative range of ultimate bearing capacity of twisted?column composite members with different twisted angles is within 5%. [Conclusions] Due to the torsional part between the layers, the members of the twisted surface prefabricated formwork will have lateral offset, losing stability and collapse. The range of average ultimate bearing capacity of twisted?column members with different twist angles is small, i.e.,the discreteness of ultimate bearing capacity is low, and the forming quality of twisted?column segments is better.