In order to guide the reasonable design of the old road paving project， the stress of the overlay structure under the traffic load is analyzed.Based on the theory of elastic lay-ered system of pavement mechanics， an axisymmetric finite element model of paved roads is established.Considering the traffic load effect mainly， the indexes such as the bottom ten-sile stress， shear stress and tensile stress of the old cement pavement layer are analyzed.Considering the influence of the additive layer and the stress absorption layer modulus， the mechanical response of the pavement structure is analyzed and calculated.In order to calcu-late the influence of mechanical properties of the material on the stress of the pavement structure， a simple calculation formula for the road surface deflection and the underlying tensile stress of the asphalt overlay is given based on the numerical results.The results show：under the axle load of the vehicle， adding a stress absorption layer will reduce the de-flection of the road surface， the tensile stress of the asphalt layer， the shear stress of as-p halt layer bottom and the tensile stress of the cement layer， which has a positive impact on improving the stress state of the pavement structure； with the modulus of the asphalt sur-face layer increases， the road surface deflection， the asphalt layer bottom shear stress and the cement layer bottom tensile stress tend to decrease， but the tensile stress increases.Therefore， it is suggested that when designing the asphalt surface layer on the old cement pavement， the high modulus asphalt concrete material should be properly selected， which can effectively alleviate the shear delamination damage between the old and new layers of the pavement， and extend the service life of the old road reconstruction pavement structure is extended.