In order to prepare similar IV and V grade rock materials which meet the geomechanical model test and analysis, the orthogonal design were prepared using five raw materials of water, quartz sand, clay, gypsum and liquid laundry detergent 9 groups of mixed materials. The test data of mixed materials were obtained by the diameter, height measurement, weighing and triaxial compression tests with the heavy γ, cohesion c and internal friction angle φ of the surrounding rock as the reference materials of similar materials. After analyzing the raw data, the influence of the factors of raw materials on the characteristics of similar materials was discussed by using the range analysis method. Then adjusting the material preparation ratio, repeated tests and regression analysis are carried out. The test results show that: the cohesiveness, internal friction angle and severe test value of the prepared materials basically cover the required range of similar material indexes; laundry liquid has the greatest influence on the cohesion of similar materials with the least effect of gypsum; the influence of the liquid detergent on the internal friction angle is significant, followed by gypsum, liquid laundry detergent and water; the greatest impact on the material is the ratio of soil to sand, followed by water and gypsum, respectively, the impact of laundry detergent is minimal; the materials prepared by the repeated tests meet the requirements of the similar materials of IV and V grade rock; the regression analysis has similarities Material preparation experience equation.