[Purposes] This paper aims to investigate the mechanical properties of the near-surface mounted (NSM) carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP)-concrete structures and explore the internal displacement and stress distribution laws of epoxy adhesive in the structures. [Methods] The epoxy adhesive and CFRP strips in the slot were simplified into a two-dimensional (2D) plane strain model. A governing equation for the displacement of the epoxy adhesive was established, incorporating the shear stress distribution along the thickness direction of the adhesive layer. An elastic semi-analytical solution was derived using a complex exponential series. [Findings] The elastic semi-analytical solution can describe the distribution law of shear stress along the thickness direction of the adhesive layer. The shear stress has a parabola with a downward opening, and the curvature of the parabola becomes larger as the curve is closer to the loading end. By comparing the elastic semi-analytical solution results with finite element method (FEM) simulation results, it is found that the the analytical results of the peak horizontal displacement are 4.66% smaller than the 2D FEM simulation results and 14.79% larger than the three-dimensional (3D) FEM simulation results. The analytical results of the peak shear stress are 3.58% smaller than the 2D FEM simulation results and 17.85% larger than the 3D FEM simulation results. The results of the elastic semi-analytical solution are compared with the experimental results, and it is found that the analytical results are basically consistent with the experimental results in the linear elastic range. [Conclusions] The displacement and shear stress of the epoxy adhesive in the linear elastic stage, which can provide a new, convenient, and effective calculation method for the safety assessment and design of NSM CFRP strip-concrete structures, can be directly calculated by the elastic semi-analytical solution.